![]() Curious students will notice in this chant (Kumulipo) analogies between its accounts of the creation and that given by modern science or Sacred Scripture.” (Liliʻuokalani) “The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers, and (they used terms that) appertained to the heavens, the stars, terrestrial science, and the gods. The base of Mauna Kea starts about 45-miles out from shore at a depth of some 18,900-feet, giving it a total rise of 32,696-feet. Its height from base to summit averages 10,000-feet. Everest begins its rise in the Himalaya at an average elevation of 19,160-feet above sea level. No point on the planet reaches higher into the atmosphere than Mount Everest: 29,035-feet (unlike the hot spot that formed Mauna Kea, Mount Everest formed as the result of a convergent tectonic boundary.)īut as a geologic formation, Everest is substantially smaller than Mauna Kea. Mauna Kea is presently a dormant volcano, having last erupted about 4,500-years ago. ![]() Glacial debris on the volcano formed about 70,000-years ago and from approximately 40,000 to 13,000-years ago. Since 150,000 to 200,000-years ago, there have been three glacial episodes. Eruptions flared even when Ice Age glaciers gripped the summit. Cinder cones at the summit mark the location of subsequent eruptions, which buried a larger central caldera. Mauna Kea’s shield-building phase ended about 130,000-years ago. About 800,000-years ago Mauna Kea rose above sea level, and intensive mountain building began. ![]() Magma rising through fissures in the ocean crust hot spot slowly built a volcanic cone of pillow lava and glassy fragments, rock formations created by underwater eruptions. Mauna Kea started to form over a million years ago, in stages typical of all Hawaiian volcanoes.
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